北 京 化 工 大 学
《有机化学实验A》(I)教学大纲
一、课程基本信息
课程代码 （已开设课程填写） | CHM13100L | ||||||||
课程信息 （仅新开课程填写） | 所属 学科 | 化学 | 知识 领域 | 有机化学 | |||||
课程层次 | □本科生基础课程(通识教育及公共基础) □本科生中级课程(一级学科基础) □本科生高级课程(二级学科基础) □本科生深度课程(学科方向及特色) | ||||||||
总学时 | 48 | 学分 | 1.5 | 理论学时 | 2 | 实验学时 | 46 | 上机学时 | |
课程中文名称 | 有机化学实验A（I） | ||||||||
课程英文名称 | Experiments of Organic Chemistry A (I) | ||||||||
适用专业 | 应用化学专业，理科实验班 | ||||||||
开课学期 | |||||||||
预修课程（名称） | 《无机化学》 《分析化学》 | ||||||||
并修课程（名称） | 《有机化学》 《物理化学》 | ||||||||
课程简介 | 大学化学实验不仅是传授知识、验证理论和掌握实验技能，更重要的是培养学生严谨的科学态度、严肃认真的工作作风和良好的化学素质，重在提高学生的能力，使学生能够运用所学知识解决实际问题，培养学生动手、观察、思考和表达的能力，提高学生的创新能力。 | ||||||||
建议教材 | 柯以侃等《大学化学实验》第二版，北京：化学工业出版社，2010年8月 | ||||||||
参 考 书 | 《无机化学》 《分析化学》《有机化学》 《物理化学》《大学化学实验》 | ||||||||
二、课程教育目标
化学是一门实验性很强的科学，化学实验不仅是化学理论的源泉，也是化工工程技术的基础。因此，化学实验课程是高等学校工科（化工类）学生必不可少的必修课。科学技术的综合化、整体化趋势，要求学生系统掌握完整的化学实验知识，提高分析、综合、创新的能力。《大学化学实验》以化学实验基本操作技能训练、基础化学实验、综合化学实验和设计实验构筑实验课程体系，按多层次的能力培养要求重组课程内容，以适应新世纪发展对人才培养的要求。
大学化学实验不仅是传授知识、验证理论和掌握实验技能，更重要的是培养学生严谨的科学态度、严肃认真的工作作风和良好的化学素质，重在提高学生的能力，使学生能够运用所学知识解决实际问题，培养学生动手、观察、思考和表达的能力，提高学生的创新能力。化学实验教学中心遵循“加强基本训练、着重能力培养、培养创新精神”的原则，融传授知识、培养能力和提高素质为一体，在实验教学中要求学生掌握化学研究的一般方法，重视基本操作技术，提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力，尤其要鼓励创新，重视创新能力、实践能力、学习能力的培养。
三、理论教学与实践教学内容与要求
《有机化学实验(I)》
（48学时，1.5 学分）
实验技术讲座 (2 学时)
有机化学实验的重要意义与作用；有机化学实验操作安全；有机化学实验室的公共环境（包括：公共卫生、实验室整体和公共道德）；有机化学实验的预习、记录与报告；有机化合物研究的一般程序与技术。
实验一 普通蒸馏（4学时）
了解普通蒸馏的基本原理及应用；掌握普通蒸馏的操作方法和沸点测定方法；学会一些基本操作，如：仪器的选择、安装、拆卸等。
实验二 重结晶（4学时）
了解常用固体有机物的精制方法；掌握重结晶法精制固体有机物的基本原理；掌握重结晶的操作过程，包括溶剂的选择、热饱和溶液的配制、脱色及减压过滤等操作；掌握用水、有机溶剂重结晶有机物的操作方法。
实验三 沸点和熔点的测定（4学时）
了解测定沸点和熔点的意义；学会用提勒管测定液体的沸点和固体的熔点；学会用熔点测定仪测定固体的熔点。
实验四 气相色谱法测定混合物中乙醇的含量、红外光谱定性分析（4学时）
了解气相色谱分析的基本原理和应用；学会气相色谱仪的操作规程；学会用色谱工作站进行气相色谱分析；了解红外光谱的基本原理和应用；学会红外光谱仪的操作规程；掌握红外光谱分析中各种制样的方法；了解通过红外光谱进行化合物的定性分析方法。
实验五 环己烯的制备（4学时）
了解烯类化合物的制备方法；了解在酸催化下醇分子内脱水制备烯烃的原理和方法；掌握分馏柱的使用原理及应用范围；掌握分液漏斗的使用方法、应用范围和保养方法；掌握液体有机物干燥方法以及干燥剂的选择原则。
实验六 己二酸的合成（4学时）
了解环己醇氧化制备己二酸的方法和操作；掌握固体有机物的精制方法；掌握在合成过程中有害气体的吸收方法。
实验七 乙酸异丁酯的制备（4学时）
了解酯化反应的基本原理；掌握分水器的工作原理和使用方法；进一步掌握液体有机物的精制方法。
实验八 乙醚的制备（4学时）
了解由乙醇制乙醚的主反应和副反应；掌握低沸点、易燃有机化合物的蒸馏操作方法；了解控制反应条件对反应的影响。
实验九 阿司匹林的合成（4学时）
了解以酚类化合物为原料制备酯的原理和方法；掌握相关的结晶、重结晶以及水浴控温等操作；进一步掌握熔点仪的使用。
实验十 2-甲基-2-己醇的合成及结构鉴定（10学时）
了解格利雅试剂的制备及应用；学习用普通乙醚、丙酮制备无水乙醚、丙酮的原理和方法；掌握由格利雅试剂反应制备结构复杂醇的原理和方法。
四、作业
每个实验结束后，学生要完成实验报告，在下次实验时交给老师。
五、考核方式及成绩评定
平时成绩占70％,其中预习报告为10％，实验操作占50％，实验报告10％；
期末实验操作考核成绩占30％。
张丽丹 李顺来
2016年10月26日
化学实验教学中心
Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Syllabus for Experiments of OrganicChemistry A (I)
Ⅰ. General Information
Course Code ( if applied ) | CHM13100L | ||||||||
Course Information ( for new course only ) | Academic Discipline | Chemistry | Knowledge Domain | Organic Chemistry | |||||
Total Class Hours | 48 | Credits | 1.5 | Lecture Hours | Laboratory Hours | 46 | Computer Lab Hours | ||
Course Title (in Chinese) | 有机化学实验A (I) | ||||||||
Course Title (in English) | Experiments of Organic Chemistry A (I) | ||||||||
Applicable Majors | Applied Chemistry, Science Development Class | ||||||||
Semester Available | □ Spring □ Autumn □ Summer | ||||||||
Prerequisites (Course Title) | 《Inorganic Chemistry》《Analytical Chemistry》 | ||||||||
Corequisites (Course Title) | 《Organic Chemistry》 《Physical Chemistry》 | ||||||||
Brief Course Description | Experiments of Chemistry is not only meant to impart knowledge, but also to help students verify the theory and master the skills of experiment. What's more important, this course aims to help students develop the rigorous scientific attitude, serious style of work and good chemical quality with emphasis on improving students' abilities, especially the abilities of innovation. | ||||||||
Textbooks Recommended | Yikan Ke,etc，College Chemical Experiments (Second edition)，Chemical Industrial Press, Beijing，2010. | ||||||||
References | 《Inorganic Chemistry》《Analytical Chemistry》 《Organic Chemistry》 《Physical Chemistry》《Experiments of Chemistry》 | ||||||||
Ⅱ. Teaching Objectives
Chemistry is a highly experimental science, while chemistry experiments are not only a source of chemical theory, is also the basis of the chemical engineering and technology. Therefore, the courses of chemistry experiments are compulsory courses for colleges of engineering (esp. For Chemical Engineering majors). With the integration and systematic trend of science and technology, it is necessary that students grasp the systematic knowledge of chemistry experiments and improve their capabilities of analysis, synthesis, and innovation. The course is based on basic skill training of the chemical experiments, comprehensive chemical experiments and designing experiments. It reorganizes the course content to adapt to the requirements of the new century on the multi-level development of personnel.
Experiments of Chemistry is not only meant to impart knowledge, but also to help students verify the theory and master the skills of experiment. What's more important, this course aims to help students develop the rigorous scientific attitude, serious style of work and good chemical quality with emphasis on improving students' abilities, especially the abilities of innovation. The Chemical Experiment Teaching Center follows the rule of "strengthening basic training, focusing on capacity-building, and cultivating the spirit of innovation", combining the impartation of knowledge, capacity building and quality improvement as a whole. The center also puts emphasis on basic operating techniques of experiment, the abilities to analyze problems and solve problems, and in particular, it encourages students' innovation, practical ability and learning ability.
Ⅲ. Teaching Content and Requirements for the Lecturing Part andPractical Part
Experiments of OrganicChemistry (I)
(Total Course Hours:48 hours，Credits:1.5)
Lectures on experimental technology (2 hours)
Importance and effect of organic chemistry experiments. Safe operations for organic chemistry experiments. Public environment in organic chemistry labs (including laboratory hygiene, the laboratory and public morality). Preview, lab notebook and experiment report. General procedure and technology for organic compounds.
Experiment 1. Simple distillation (4 hours)
Understand the physical principles and applications of simple distillation. Grasp the operation methods for simple distillation and boiling point determination. Learn to perform some basic operations correctly, such as choosing instruments, assembling and dismantling instruments and so on.
Experiment 2. Recrystallization (4 hours)
Understand the common methods to purify solid compounds. Grasp the physical principles of purifying solid organic compounds by recrystallization. Grasp the operation process of recrystallization, including finding a good solvent, making up heat saturated solution, fading and vacuum filtration and so on. Grasp the operation methods for recrystallization of organic compounds by water or organic solvents.
Experiment 3. Determination of melting point and boiling point (4 hours)
Understand the importance of melting point and boiling point determination. Learn to determine the boiling point of liquid compounds and the melting point of solid compounds with the Thiele tube. Learn to determine the melting point of solid compounds with melting point apparatus.
Experiment 4. Determination of the alcohol contents in mixture by Gas Chromatography, Qualitative analysis of ethyl acetate and benzoic acid by infrared spectrometry (4 hours)
Understand the physical principles and applications of Gas Chromatography. Learn the operating rules of Gas Chromatography Apparatus. Learn to perform Gas Chromatography analysis by Chromatography workstation. Understand the physical principles and applications of Infrared Spectroscopy. Learn the operating rules of Infrared spectrometer. Grasp various infrared sample preparation methods. Understand the qualitative analysis of organic compounds by infrared spectrometry.
Experiment 5. Preparation of Cyclohexene (4 hours)
Understand the preparation methods of alkene. Understand the preparation principles and methods of alkene through the acid catalyzed internal dehydration from alcohols. Grasp the physical principles and usage of fractionating column. Grasp the usage, ranges of application and maintenance method of separatory funnels. Grasp the drying methods of liquid organic compounds and the choice principles of drying agent.
Experiment 6. Preparation of adipic acid (4 hours)
Understand the preparation methods and operations of adipic acid oxidized from cyclohexanol. Grasp the purification methods of solid organic compounds. Grasp the methods of absorbing harmful gas in synthetic process.
Experiment 7. Preparation of isobutyl acetate (4 hours)
Understand the basic theory of esterification. Grasp the physical principles and usage of water separator. Further grasp the purification methods of liquid organic compounds.
Experiment 8. Preparation of ethyl ether (4 hours)
Understand the main reaction and side reaction of ethyl ether prepared from alcohol. Grasp the correct distillation operating methods for inflammable organic compounds with low boiling point. Understand the influence to reactions by controlling reaction conditions.
Experiment 9. Synthesis of Aspirin (4 hours)
Understand the basic theory and synthetic methods of esterification of phenolic compounds. Grasp the related operations on crystallization, recrystallization and controlling temperature using water bath. Further grasp the usage of melting point apparatus.
Experiment 10. Synthesis and structure identification of 2-methyl-2-hexanol (10 hours)
Learn the principles and methods for preparing anhydrous ethyl ether and acetone from ordinary ethyl ether and acetone. Understand the synthetic methods and applications of Grignard reagent. Grasp the principles and methods for preparing complicated alcohol with Grignard reagent reactions.
Ⅳ. Assignments
After finishing every experiment, students are required to finish the experiment reports and hand in the reports to the teacher in the next experiment.
Ⅴ. Grading and Assessment
Formative assessment 70%: preview 10%, experiment 50%, the experiment report 10%.
Summative assessment 30%: final examination
Ⅵ. Author
Zhang Lidan Li Shunlai
2016.10.26
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